|
German heraldry refers to the cultural tradition and style of heraldic achievements in modern and historic Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, including national and civic arms, noble and burgher arms, ecclesiastical heraldry, heraldic displays and heraldic descriptions. German heraldic style stands in contrast to Gallo-British, Latin and Eastern heraldry, and strongly influenced the styles and customs of heraldry in the Nordic countries, which developed comparatively late.〔 ISBN 0-7137-0940-5 p.129.〕 The German heraldic tradition is noted for its scant use of heraldic furs, multiple crests, inseparability of the crest, and repetition of charges in the shield and the crest. Mullets have six points (rather than five as in Gallo-British heraldry), and beasts may be colored with patterns, (barry, bendy, paly, chequy, ''etc.'').〔 〕 As in other European heraldic traditions, the most prominent among the birds and beasts are the eagle and lion.〔 ISBN 0-07-046312-3 p.90.〕 These two charges in particular had a special significance in Germany, where the eagle became symbolic of the Holy Roman Empire, and the lion came to represent certain feudal lords.〔Neubecker (1979), pp.90–91.〕 As the political divide between these groups grew in the late Middle Ages, the heraldic eagle and lion came to represent two of the foremost political powers in Germany, the house of Hohenzollern and the house of Welf, respectively. == Terminology == The heraldic tinctures are the same in Imperial heraldry as in other European countries. Black charges occur on red fields and vice versa more often than in other countries, as in the arms of Stadler, Roder and Homberg.〔Plates 32, 145 and 167 respectively of Johann Siebmacher's (Wappenbuch von 1605 ), Orbis Edition (1999), Munich, or see Neuenberg and Roth on plate 144.〕 Tinctures are described using the German words for each (i.e. ''schwarz'' for sable, ''rot'' for gules, ''gold'' for Or, etc.), and argent is usually called ''silber'' (silver) though ''weiß'' (white) also occurs. The furs are referred to as follows: Ermine is ''Hermelin'', Ermines (or counter-ermine) is ''Gegenhermelin'', Erminois is ''Goldhermelin'', Pean is ''Gegengoldhermelin'', Vair is ''Feh'' or ''Grauwerk'', Countervair is ''Gegenfeh'', and Vairy of (tincture) and (tincture) is ''Buntfeh ob (tinktur) und (tinktur)''.〔Ströhl, H.G. (1898). ''Heraldischer Atlas''. Stuttgart.〕 Furs known to German heraldry include ''Hermelin'' (ermine), ''Gegenhermelin'' (counter-ermine, which is rare), ''Feh'', also sometimes termed ''Grauwerk'' (vair), ''Buntfeh'' (which the English call "vairy"), ''Krückenfeh'' (potent) and ''Kürsch'' (natural fur, which is unknown in English heraldry). Kürsch is typically shown as dags of fur overlapping like roof tiles, and even ermine and vair are sometimes shown in this fashion, called ''Schuppenfeh''.〔 While each of these variations and some others exist in German heraldry, it is worth noting that even ermine is uncommon, vair is seldom found, and the others are rarer still.〔 As in English heraldry, the names for the lines of division and variation are closely related with those of the corresponding ordinaries. The apparent exceptions to this rule, however, are that a shield divided ''per fess'' is simply termed ''geteilt'' (divided) and a shield divided ''per pale'' is termed ''gespalten'' (split). German heraldry (and with it, Nordic heraldry) does take a distinct approach to divisions of the field, however, in dividing by the scheme of "''im (Gemeine Figur)-schnitt (X:Y) (Richtung des Schnitts),''" or, "by (common charge)-section (X:Y) (direction of the cut)," where ''X'' signifies the number of charges issuant above the cut, and ''Y'' signifies the number issuant below. Thus, ''Im Lindenblattschnitt (1:1) schrägrechtsgeteilt'', or, "by linden leaf section (1:1) party per bend," yields a line that starts at the dexter chief corner, slanting down per bend, then makes the form of two conjoined linden leaves (the first inverted) in pale, and then continues to the sinister base.〔 This also works with many other charges, and may divide the shield per pale, per fess, or other ways.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「German heraldry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|